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Spiral galaxy UGC 12591 is classified as an S0/Sa galaxy. [1]The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926. [2] [3] It is often known colloquially as the “Hubble tuning-fork” because of the shape in which it is traditionally represented.
Hubble defined two classes of irregular galaxy: [16] Irr I galaxies have asymmetric profiles and lack a central bulge or obvious spiral structure; instead they contain many individual clusters of young stars; Irr II galaxies have smoother, asymmetric appearances and are not clearly resolved into individual stars or stellar clusters
Astropy is a collection of software packages written in the Python programming language and designed for use in astronomy. [2] The software is a single, free, core package for astronomical utilities due to the increasingly widespread usage of Python by astronomers, and to foster interoperability between various extant Python astronomy packages. [3]
The luminosity class of NGC 7716 is II and it has a broad HI line. [3] According to the SIMBAD database, NGC 7716 is a candidate galaxy for the active galaxy classification. [4] To date, twelve non-redshift measurements give a distance of 32.442 ± 5.854 Mpc (∼106 million ly), which is within the Hubble distance values. [5]
NGC 3049 is a galaxy whose core shines in the field of ultraviolet. It is listed in the Markarian catalog under the reference Mrk 710 (MK 710). [4] To date, 11 non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 23.136 ± 6.782 Mpc (∼75.5 million ly), [3] which is within the Hubble distance. Note, however, that it is with the average value of ...
NGC 633 is a large barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Sculptor. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 4,979 ± 18 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 73.4 ± 5.2 Mpc (∼239 million ly). [1] NGC 633 was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel in 1834.
NGC 5377 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Canes Venatici. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 1,951 ± 11 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 28.8 ± 2.0 Mpc (∼93.9 million ly). [1] NGC 5377 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1787.
The giant elliptical galaxy ESO 325-4. An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the three main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae, [1] along with spiral and lenticular galaxies.