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The human virome is the total collection of viruses in and on the human body. [1] [2] [3] Viruses in the human body may infect both human cells and other microbes such as bacteria (as with bacteriophages). [4] Some viruses cause disease, while others may be asymptomatic.
A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota .
Eastern equine encephalitis virus is an Alphavirus that is transmitted between birds and mammals, including humans and horses, by several mosquito species. The virus (coloured in red) is found in the mosquito salivary gland, and is injected into the new host when the insect feeds. Credit: Fred Murphy, Sylvia Whitfield, CDC (1968)
An analysis of all the publicly available viral genome sequences yielded a surprising result: humans give more viruses - about twice as many - to animals than they give to us. Of those, 79% ...
Not all viruses are harmful, and many don’t infect humans. But ones that do cause can cause COVID, flu, hepatitis, shingles, herpes, measles, colds and many other illnesses.
Some viruses cause disease in humans, and others are responsible for economically important diseases of livestock and crops. Virus particles (known as virions) consist of genetic material , which can be either DNA or RNA , wrapped in a protein coat called the capsid ; some viruses also have an outer lipid envelope .
A virus with this "viral envelope" uses it—along with specific receptors—to enter a new host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 33,000 to 500,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.4 in).
It is the second largest of the human body and made of various bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. [14] These organisms play an important role in oral and overall health. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view these organisms using a microscope he created. [14]