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In genetics, underdominance, also known as homozygote advantage, heterozygote disadvantage, or negative overdominance," [1] is the opposite of overdominance.It is the selection against the heterozygote, causing disruptive selection [2] and divergent genotypes.
Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance, the two most common Mendelian inheritance patterns. An autosome is any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.. In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.
Pseudodominance is the situation in which the inheritance of a recessive trait mimics a dominant pattern. [1]Normally, two recessive alleles need to be inherited (one from each parent) for the recessive trait to be expressed but recessive merely means that the trait is only expressed in the absence of the dominant alleles.
These classifications are still widely used in Drosophila genetics to describe mutations. For a more general description of mutations, see mutation, and for a discussion of allele interactions, see dominance relationship. Key: In the following sections, alleles are referred to as +=wildtype, m=mutant, Df=gene deletion, Dp=gene duplication.
The opposite situation, where all genes show dominance in the same direction, is called directional dominance. [1] In the same example, for both genes A and B increased height is dominant. According to Broadhurst, ambidirectional dominance is the result of stabilising selection in the evolutionary past. [ 1 ]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to genetics: . Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. [1] [2] Genetics deals with the molecular structure and function of genes, and gene behavior in context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetics), patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring, and gene distribution ...
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.
This way, genetic dominance is important to estimate the fate of new mutations, that is, if new mutations are going to fix or go extinct. Dominant alleles are more readily exposed to directional selection since the moment they are rare, and thus they are more likely to fix as a result of a "hard sweep". The term "sieve" in Haldane's sieve ...