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In Unix systems, the username is correlated with a user identifier or user ID. Computer systems operate in one of two types based on what kind of users they have: Single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts. Multi-user systems have such a concept, and require users to identify themselves before using the system.
(e.g. search records, as shown through simple study of the AOL search records leak [35]). One common way that information can be obtained and linked is when a user registers a computer just after purchase. Another common way is when a user provides identifying information to the website of an affiliate of the vendor.
The earliest counting device was most likely a form of tally stick. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones, etc.) which represented counts of items, likely livestock or grains, sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. [a] [4] The use of counting rods is one example. The Chinese suanpan ...
The first description of a computer searching for information was described by Holmstrom in 1948, [9] detailing an early mention of the Univac computer. Automated information retrieval systems were introduced in the 1950s: one even featured in the 1957 romantic comedy Desk Set .
Some operating systems restrict a user's access only to their home directory or project directory, thus isolating their activities from all other users. In early versions of Unix the root directory was the home directory of the root user , but modern Unix usually uses another directory such as /root for this purpose.
A computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its filename. Just as words can be written on paper, so too can data be written to a computer file. Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.
The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of personal data and traffic on the Internet. [7] For example, in the United States, the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act mandates that all phone calls and broadband internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) be available for unimpeded, real-time monitoring by Federal law enforcement agencies.
In computer science [citation needed], a storage record is: A group of related data, words, or fields treated as a meaningful unit; for instance, a Name, Address, and Telephone Number can be a "Personal Record". A self-contained collection of information about a single object; a record is made up of a number of distinct items, called fields.