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  2. Observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation

    Observation in the natural sciences [1] is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving [2] and the acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The term may also refer to ...

  3. Participant observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participant_observation

    Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography.This type of methodology is employed in many disciplines, particularly anthropology (including cultural anthropology and ethnology), sociology (including sociology of culture and cultural criminology), communication studies, human geography, and social ...

  4. Observational learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_learning

    It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with surroundings. Particularly in childhood, a model is someone of authority or higher status in an ...

  5. Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achenbach_System_of...

    This form is completed by the child's parent or guardian and assesses whether the child's vocabulary is delayed relative to norms. Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) – To be completed by the child's daycare provider or preschool teacher. Test Observation Form (TOF) – For ages 2 through 18. School-age assessments:

  6. Observational methods in psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_Methods_in...

    Naturalistic observation may also be time consuming, sometimes requiring dozens of observation sessions lasting large parts of each day to collect information on the behavior of interest. Lastly, because behavior is perceived so subjectively, it is possible that different observers notice different things, or draw different conclusions from ...

  7. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Observation is critical to scientific research and activity, and as such, observer bias may be as well. [4] When such biases exist, scientific studies can result in an over- or underestimation of what is true and accurate, which compromises the validity of the findings and results of the study, even if all other designs and procedures in the ...

  8. Observer effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect

    Hawthorne effect, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied; Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment

  9. Mass-Observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-Observation

    Mass-Observation is a United Kingdom social research project; ... Meanwhile, Madge, from his London home, had started to form a group of fellow-poets, artists and ...