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An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by ...
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The Submerged-arc furnace for phosphorus production is a particular sub-type of electric arc furnace used to produce phosphorus and other products. Submerged arc furnaces are mainly used for the production of ferroalloys. The nomenclature submerged means that the furnace's electrodes are buried deep in the furnace burden.
An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction.
The indirect arc electric furnace of the Stassano type, in its final configuration, is made from a cast iron cylindrical structure lined internally with refractory bricks. The structure is divided in two separate sections: an upper section where the electrodes are placed, and a lower crucible where the burden is loaded and fused into steel.
Using a specially constructed electric arc furnace, a mixture of hematite with +0.2% carbon content and coal (or charcoal) is smelted in a continuous process, with the reduced metal accumulating at the bottom of the furnace, where it can be tapped off. Carbon content in the product can be controlled by changing the quantity of coal in the furnace.
[nb 2] On December 5, 1957, the Mexican company Hylsa started up the first industrial production unit of this type in Monterrey, with the pre-reduced ore obtained destined for smelting in an electric arc furnace. [nb 3] [4] As the production of pre-reduced ore with natural gas was economically viable, several plants were built in the late 1960s.
Electric arc furnaces make steel from scrap or direct reduced iron. A "heat" (batch) of iron is loaded into the furnace, sometimes with a "hot heel" (molten steel from a previous heat). Gas burners may assist with the melt. As in BOS, fluxes are added to protect the vessel lining and help impurity removal.