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A USB-to-serial adapter or simply USB adapter is a type of protocol converter that is used for converting USB data signals to and from serial communications standards (serial ports). Most commonly the USB data signals are converted to either RS-232 , RS-485 , RS-422 , or TTL-level UART serial data.
There are a number of USB adapters that allow a desktop PC or smartphone with USB to communicate with SPI chips (e.g. FT221xs [33]). They are used for embedded systems, chips (FPGA, ASIC, and SoC) and peripheral testing, programming and debugging. Many of them also provide scripting or programming capabilities (e.g. Visual Basic, C/C++, VHDL).
In modern serial ports using a UART integrated circuit, all these settings can be software-controlled. Hardware from the 1980s and earlier may require setting switches or jumpers on a circuit board. The configuration for serial ports designed to be connected to a PC has become a de facto standard, usually stated as 9600/8-N-1.
FTDI TTL-232RG: USB to UART cable FTDI FT232RL: USB to UART IC (in SSOP package) Internal die of FTDI FT232RL chip. FTDI was founded on 13 March 1992 [3] by its current CEO, Fred Dart (whose initials happen to be "FTD"). The company is an indirect descendant of Computer Design Concepts Ltd, a former semiconductor technology startup also founded ...
The written USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008. The first USB 3.0 controller chips were sampled by NEC in May 2009, [4] and the first products using the USB 3.0 specification arrived in January 2010. [5] USB 3.0 connectors are generally backward compatible, but include new wiring and full-duplex operation.
A Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) is a pair of functional blocks commonly used in high speed communications to compensate for limited input/output.These blocks convert data between serial data and parallel interfaces in each direction.