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Acarapis woodi is a parasitic mite that infests the trachea that lead from the first pair of thoracic spiracles. An unidentified bee illness was first reported on the Isle of Wight in England in 1904, becoming known as the 'Isle of Wight disease' (IoWD), which was initially thought to be caused by Acarapis woodi when it was identified in 1921 by Rennie.
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand [1] RNA virus, one of 22 known viruses affecting honey bees.While most commonly infecting the honey bee, Apis mellifera, it has also been documented in other bee species, like Bombus terrestris, [2] thus, indicating it may have a wider host specificity than previously anticipated.
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Varroa destructor, the Varroa mite, is an external parasitic mite that attacks and feeds on honey bees and is one of the most damaging honey bee pests in the world. [2] [3] A significant mite infestation leads to the death of a honey bee colony, usually in the late autumn through early spring.
Malpighamoeba mellificae is a single-celled parasite which affects excretory organs (Malpighian tubules) of adult bees, causing the contagious disease called amoebiasis, which ultimately leads to death of the host. [1] Worker bees are most prone to being infected. It is commonly found in collaboration with nosemosis.
Sacbrood virus or SBV disease is an infectious disease caused by the Morator aetatulas virus that affects honey bee larvae. When sick, the colony declines gradually with few or no replacement workers, costing 20-80% of honey production.
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Chronic bee paralysis virus infection is a factor that can contribute to or cause the sudden collapse of honeybee colonies. [2] Since honeybees serve a vital role in ecological resilience, it is important to understand factors and diseases that threaten them.