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Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.
The deinstitutionalization movement started off slowly but gained momentum as it adopted philosophies from the Civil Rights Movement. [1] During the 1960s, deinstitutionalization increased dramatically, and the average length of stay within mental institutions decreased by more than half. [ 1 ]
The term institutionalization can also be used to describe the process of committing an individual to a mental hospital or prison, or to describe institutional syndrome; thus the phrase "X is institutionalized" may mean either that X has been placed in an institution or that X is suffering the psychological effects of having been in an ...
Wolf Wolfensberger's definition is based on a concept of cultural normativeness: "Utilization of a means which are as culturally normative as possible, in order to establish and/or maintain personal behaviors and characteristics that are as culturally normative as possible." Thus, for example, "medical procedures" such as shock treatment or ...
Former Berlin Pankow orphanage. Deinstitutionalisation is the process of reforming child care systems and closing down orphanages and children's institutions, finding new placements for children currently resident and setting up replacement services to support vulnerable families in non-institutional ways.
This continuing process of deinstitutionalization without adequate alternative resources led the mentally ill into homelessness, jails, and self-medication through the use of drugs or alcohol. [ 5 ] [ page needed ] In 1975 Congress passed an Act requiring community mental health centers to provide aftercare services to all patients in the hopes ...
Bureaucratic and legal impediments to initiating mental health referrals mean arrest can be easier, and in Taplin's words, "Due to the lack of exclusionary criteria, the criminal justice system may have become the institution that cannot say no." [23] Mentally ill people do indeed experience higher arrest rates than those without mental illness ...
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