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Hydroxyzine can also be used for the treatment of allergic conditions, such as chronic urticaria, atopic or contact dermatoses, and histamine-mediated pruritus. [ medical citation needed ] These have also been confirmed in both recent and past studies to have no adverse effects on the liver, blood, nervous system, or urinary tract.
H 1 antagonists, also called H 1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H 1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines ; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are ...
A study from 2019 showed that PPI use alone and together with histamine H2-receptor antagonists was associated with an increased bone fracture hazard, which was amplified by days of use and earlier initiation of therapy. [38] The reason is not clear; increased bone break down by osteoclasts has been suggested. [39]
Ball-and-stick model of cimetidine, the prototypical H 2 receptor antagonist. H 2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs [1] and also called H 2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H 2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. This decreases the production of stomach acid.
There are four main types: H1, H2, H3, and H4. H1 receptors are linked to allergic responses, H2 to gastric acid regulation, H3 to neurotransmitter release modulation, and H4 to immune system function. There are four known histamine receptors: H 1 receptor H1 Receptors: These receptors are primarily located on smooth muscle cells, endothelial ...
Mirtazapine is a very strong H 1 receptor antagonist and, as a result, it can cause powerful sedative and hypnotic effects. [11] A single 15 mg dose of mirtazapine to healthy volunteers has been found to result in over 80% occupancy of the H 1 receptor and to induce intense sleepiness. [92]
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. [1] [9] [10] It is mainly used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers.
Ebastine is a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist that is indicated mainly for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. [5] It is available in 10 and 20 mg tablets [6] and as fast-dissolving tablets, [7] as well as in pediatric syrup. It has a recommended flexible daily dose of 10 or 20 mg, depending on disease severity.