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The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
Q is the rate of flow (expressed in US gallons per minute), SG is the specific gravity of the fluid (for water = 1), ΔP is the pressure drop across the valve (expressed in psi). In more practical terms, the flow coefficient C v is the volume (in US gallons) of water at 60 °F (16 °C) that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure ...
This depth is converted to a flow rate according to a theoretical formula of the form = where is the flow rate, is a constant, is the water level, and is an exponent which varies with the device used; or it is converted according to empirically derived level/flow data points (a "flow curve"). The flow rate can then be integrated over time into ...
S foot of water per foot of pipe; P d = pressure drop over the length of pipe in psig (pounds per square inch gauge pressure) L = length of pipe in feet; Q = flow, gpm (gallons per minute) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, in (inches) Note: Caution with U S Customary Units is advised. The equation for head loss in pipes ...
The rate of flow is typically expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs). Hydrographs often relate changes of precipitation to changes in discharge over time. [3] The term can also refer to a graph showing the volume of water reaching a particular outfall, or location in a sewerage network. Graphs are ...
Examples include a showerhead with flow rate of 1.75 gpm (6.61 lpm) at high water pressure and 1.45 gpm (5.48 lpm) at low pressure, or a showerhead with three pressure compensated flow rates (by non-removable pressure compensator) with options of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gpm (1.9, 3.8, 5.7 lpm).
In turbulent flow the flow rate is proportional to the square root of the pressure gradient, as opposed to its direct proportionality to pressure gradient in laminar flow. Using the definition of the Reynolds number we can see that a large diameter with rapid flow, where the density of the blood is high, tends towards turbulence.
Cubic metre per second or cubic meter per second in American English (symbol m 3 ⋅ s −1 or m 3 /s) is the unit of volumetric flow rate in the International System of Units (SI). It corresponds to the exchange or movement of the volume of a cube with sides of one metre (39.37 in) in length (a cubic meter, originally a stere) each second.