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Despite the known association with IFN-γ, erythema multiforme is not considered a humorally-mediated autoimmune reaction. [8] Rarely, some patients may suffer from a persistent and treatment-resistant form of erythema multiforme caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. This pathology is distinct from the recurrent cases that sometimes arise from HSV ...
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction. [1] Together with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap, they are considered febrile mucocutaneous drug reactions and probably part of the same spectrum of disease, with SJS being less severe.
In dermatology, erythema multiforme major is a form of rash with skin loss or epidermal detachment. The term "erythema multiforme majus" is sometimes used to imply a bullous (blistering) presentation. [2] According to some sources, there are two conditions included on a spectrum of this same disease process: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)
Some of the most severe and life-threatening examples of drug eruptions are erythema multiforme, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), hypersensitivity vasculitis, drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), erythroderma and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). [4]
Erythema multiforme (EM) is usually a reaction of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs suddenly. [1] It appears as a symmetrical rash and may include the mucous membrane lesions. This means that the body is sensitive to something that causes the skin and mucous membranes to react. The more common mild form is refer to as EM minor.
Target lesions are the typical lesions of erythema multiforme, in which a vesicle is surrounded by an often hemorrhagic maculopapule. Erythema multiforme is often self-limited, of acute onset, resolves in three to six weeks, and has a cyclical pattern. Its lesions are multiform (polymorphous) and include macules, papules, vesicles, and bullae.
Rowell's syndrome was described by Professor Neville Rowell and colleagues in 1963. Patients with the syndrome have lupus erythematosus (discoid or systemic), annular lesions of the skin like erythema multiforme associated with a characteristic pattern of immunological abnormalities.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. [6] Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used.