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Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics: Additive because it is added to any noise that might be intrinsic to the information system.
A special case is white Gaussian noise, in which the values at any pair of times are identically distributed and statistically independent (and hence uncorrelated). In communication channel testing and modelling, Gaussian noise is used as additive white noise to generate additive white Gaussian noise.
This model is called a Gaussian white noise signal (or process). In the mathematical field known as white noise analysis, a Gaussian white noise is defined as a stochastic tempered distribution, i.e. a random variable with values in the space ′ of tempered distributions.
Additive noise, gets added to the intended signal White noise. Additive white Gaussian noise; Black noise; Gaussian noise; Pink noise or flicker noise, with 1/f power spectrum; Brownian noise, with 1/f 2 power spectrum; Contaminated Gaussian noise, whose PDF is a linear mixture of Gaussian PDFs; Power-law noise; Cauchy noise
An application of the channel capacity concept to an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with B Hz bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio S/N is the Shannon–Hartley theorem: C = B log 2 ( 1 + S N ) {\displaystyle C=B\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {S}{N}}\right)\ }
Thermal noise is approximately white, meaning that its power spectral density is nearly equal throughout the frequency spectrum. The amplitude of the signal has very nearly a Gaussian probability density function. A communication system affected by thermal noise is often modelled as an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Triple correlation methods are frequently used in signal processing for treating signals that are corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise; in particular, triple correlation techniques are suitable when multiple observations of the signal are available and the signal may be translating in between the observations, e.g., a sequence of images of an object translating on a noisy background.
In telecommunications, maximum-ratio combining (MRC) is a method of diversity combining in which: the signals from each channel are added together, the gain of each channel is made proportional to the rms signal level and inversely proportional to the mean square noise level in that channel. different proportionality constants are used for each ...