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This lack of a cure or vaccine is a definite problem in the equine industry, especially in developing countries where equines are highly valuable for both agriculture and transportation. [5] Dourine is considered an endemic problem in developing countries, where over sixty percent of equines in the world are located. [ 4 ]
There is an inactivated vaccine containing the C-84 strain for VEE virus that is used to immunize horses. Another vaccine, containing the TC-83 strain, is used on humans in military and laboratory positions who risk contracting the virus. The human vaccine can result in side effects and does not fully immunize the patient.
A vaccine is available for horses. [1] This vaccine is an inactivated vaccine that uses the TC-83 strain of EEEV. [13] It is usually given in combination with vaccines for Western equine encephalitis (WEE), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), and tetanus, [4] and is also used by
This would both make the vaccine more practical and lower the cost for developing countries. [13] Using a single-injection vaccine has shown to not cause any adverse reactogenicity, which the possible immune response to vaccination, in comparison to two separate vaccinations. [9] There is a candidate vaccine against the Marburg virus called ...
Equity® Oestrus Control is a GnRH vaccine marketed for use in non-breeding domestic horses. Repro-Bloc is GnRH vaccine marketed for use in domestic animals in general. [ 4 ] Improvac® is a GnRH vaccine marketed for use in pigs not as a contraceptive, but as an alternative to physical castration for the control of boar taint . [ 5 ]
Albeit, there have been some safety issues related to live-attenuated vaccines. There is a potential for unintended outcomes if another being other than the target species takes the vaccine, and there have been instances where this type of vaccine creates false positives when animals are tested and therefore rids a country of their disease free ...
Unlike Eastern equine encephalitis, the overall mortality of WEE is low (approximately 4%) and is associated mostly with infection in the elderly. Approximately 15–20% of horses that acquire the virus will die or be put down. [3] There is no human vaccine for WEE and there are no licensed therapeutic drugs in the U.S. for this infection.
Vaccination schedules generally require a primary course of vaccines, followed by booster shots. It is recommended that horses be vaccinated against equine influenza annually, and competition horses that travel frequently be given a booster every six months as they are at higher risk of contracting the virus. [1]
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