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Chlamydia psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that may cause endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in other mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans. Potential hosts include feral birds and domesticated poultry, as well as cattle , pigs , sheep , and horses .
Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease in humans caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds.
By the 2010s this reclassification "was not wholly accepted or adopted" [8] among microbiologists, which "resulted in a reversion to the single, original genus Chlamydia, which now encompasses all 9 species including Chlamydia psittaci." [8] As of 2013, Chlamydophila was still mentioned in some databases, but controversial. [9]
As an island endemic species, Galapagos doves are at high risk from introduced diseases and predators. Introduced diseases include Trichomonas gallinae (perhaps spread from Rock doves or Eared doves from the mainland), and Haemoproteus malaria (which was found in more than 85% of birds on Española Island). Chlamydia psittaci is also a
Chlamydia is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites. Chlamydia infections are the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in humans and are the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide.
Of various Chlamydiota that cause human disease, the two most important species are Chlamydia pneumoniae, which causes a type of pneumonia, and Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States, and 2.86 million chlamydia infections are reported annually.
In relation to diseases, recent research discovered the presence of the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci on Paradise shelducks. Different bacteria genotypes were identified in the samples of the survey and this species has been affected by genotype C. This type of bacterium is associated with important diseases not only in birds but also humans.
In a PCR-based study, Chlamydiosis, an infectious disease of avians, was found to infect the grey parrot. In the study 253 clinical samples were taken from 27 bird species belonging to seven orders. Thirty-two (12.6%) samples were positive for Chlamydi and two new genotypes were discovered: Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydophila abortus. [20]