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In chemistry, a chemical oscillator is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the concentration of one or more components exhibits periodic changes. They are a class of reactions that serve as an example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with far-from-equilibrium behavior.
A stirred BZ reaction mixture showing changes in color over time. The discovery of the phenomenon is credited to Boris Belousov.In 1951, while trying to find the non-organic analog to the Krebs cycle, he noted that in a mix of potassium bromate, cerium(IV) sulfate, malonic acid, and citric acid in dilute sulfuric acid, the ratio of concentration of the cerium(IV) and cerium(III) ions ...
In an iodine clock reaction, colour changes after a time delay.. A chemical clock (or clock reaction) is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the onset of an observable property (discoloration or coloration) occurs after a predictable induction time due to the presence of clock species at a detectable amount. [1]
Oscillogram made in July 1972 by Briggs and Rauscher. The Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction is one of a small number of known oscillating chemical reactions.It is especially well suited for demonstration purposes because of its visually striking colour changes: the freshly prepared colourless solution slowly turns an amber colour, then suddenly changes to a very dark blue.
The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. [1] The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species ( iodide ion, free iodine, or iodate ion) and redox reagents in the presence of ...
A molecular vibration is a periodic motion of the atoms of a molecule relative to each other, such that the center of mass of the molecule remains unchanged. The typical vibrational frequencies range from less than 10 13 Hz to approximately 10 14 Hz, corresponding to wavenumbers of approximately 300 to 3000 cm −1 and wavelengths of approximately 30 to 3 μm.
leading to an oscillation of the system. Unlike the Lotka–Volterra equation, the oscillations of the Brusselator do not depend on the amount of reactant present initially. Instead, after sufficient time, the oscillations approach a limit cycle. [4] The best-known example is the clock reaction, the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ
The period T is the time taken to complete one cycle of an oscillation or rotation. The frequency and the period are related by the equation [ 4 ] f = 1 T . {\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.} The term temporal frequency is used to emphasise that the frequency is characterised by the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.