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Flowering verticillasters of a spearmint. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs. They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons [6] and erect, square, [7] branched stems. Mints will grow 10–120 cm (4–48 inches) tall and can spread over an indeterminate area.
The leaves are 5–9 cm (2– 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 1.5–3 cm (1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) broad, with a serrated margin. The stem is square-shaped, a defining characteristic of the mint family of herbs. Spearmint produces flowers in slender spikes, each flower pink or white in colour, 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long and broad.
The leaves and stems are usually slightly fuzzy. The flowers are purple, 6–8 mm (1 ⁄ 4 – 5 ⁄ 16 in) long, with a four-lobed corolla about 5 mm (3 ⁄ 16 in) diameter; they are produced in whorls (verticillasters) around the stem, forming thick, blunt spikes. Flowering season lasts from mid- to late summer.
The flowers are pale purple (occasionally white or pink), in whorls on the stem at the bases of the leaves. Each flower is 3 to 4 mm (1 ⁄ 8 to 5 ⁄ 32 in) long and has a five-lobed hairy calyx, a four-lobed corolla with the uppermost lobe larger than the others and four stamens. The fruit is a two-chambered carpel.
The stems are square in cross section, green or purple, and variably hairy to almost hairless. The rhizomes are wide-spreading, fleshy, and bear fibrous roots . The leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 6 centimetres (0.79 to 2.36 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.39 to 1.57 in) broad, green (sometimes purplish), opposite, toothed, and ...
Mentha pulegium, commonly (European) pennyroyal, or pennyrile, also called mosquito plant [2] and pudding grass, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. [4] Crushed pennyroyal leaves emit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint.
The term "shoots" is often confused with "stems"; "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth, including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. [2] In most plants, stems are located above the soil surface, but some plants have underground stems. Stems have several main functions: [3] Support for and the elevation of ...
The upper angle between one part of a plant and another, e.g. the stem and a leaf. axile On an axis; of a placenta, on the central axis of the ovary. axillary Borne in or arising from the axil, usually referring to the axil of a leaf. axis The main stem of a whole plant or inflorescence; also, the line along which this stem extends.