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Tuberculosis is spread from one person to the next through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. [1] [9] People with latent TB do not spread the disease. [1] Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. [1]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch , M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid .
This area is known as a “Ghon focus”. TB also gets to nearby hilar lymph nodes, either carried over by immune cells through the lymph or by direct extension of the Ghon focus infection and causes caseation there as well, and together, this caseating tissue and associated lymph node make up the characteristic “Ghon complex”.
Latent tuberculosis (LTB), also called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is when a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not have active tuberculosis (TB). Active tuberculosis can be contagious while latent tuberculosis is not, and it is therefore not possible to get TB from someone with latent tuberculosis.
The history of tuberculosis encompasses the origins of the disease, tuberculosis (TB) through to the vaccines and treatments methods developed to contain and mitigate its impact. Throughout history, the disease tuberculosis has been variously known as consumption, phthisis, and the White Plague.
Three women who were diagnosed with HIV after getting “vampire facial” procedures at an unlicensed New Mexico medical spa are believed to be the first documented cases of people contracting ...
The needle points were dipped in tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and pricked into the skin. [5] A Heaf gun with disposable single-use heads was recommended. The gun injected PPD equivalent to 100,000 units per ml to the skin over the flexor surface of the left forearm in a circular pattern of six.
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