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Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop, forming strong cleaning jets.
The wire brush encircles the shaft and scours the interior of the pipeline. A scraper pig shown at the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Visitors Center. In pipeline transportation, pigging is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges or gadgets, devices generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance operations ...
Behind this slug of liquid follows a slug of gas, until sufficient liquids have accumulated at the bottom to form a new liquid slug. Pigging slugs are caused by pigging operations in the pipeline. The pig is designed to push all or most of the liquids contents of the pipeline to the outlet. This intentionally creates a liquid slug.
Background and origin of the term "pig": In the field, a device that travels inside a pipeline to clean or inspect it is typically known as a pig. PIG is a bacronym for "Pipeline Inspection Gauge". The acronym PIG came later as the nickname for "pig" originated from cleaning pigs (first designed pigs) that sounded like squealing or screeching ...
P&IDs are originally drawn up at the design stage from a combination of process flow sheet data, the mechanical process equipment design, and the instrumentation engineering design. During the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational ...
Pig launcher. Pipeline pig launchers and receivers are provided with a pig signaller (XA) to indicate that a pig has been launched or has arrived. [4] Packaged items of equipment (compressors, diesel engines, electricity generators, etc) are fitted with local vendor supplied instrumentation. When equipment malfunctions a multivariable signal ...
Ice pigging is a technique used for cleaning pipes, distinguished from traditional pigging by the use of a semi-solid 'pig' made of ice, rather than a solid object. This ice pig is capable of flowing through pipes, navigating obstructions such as valves and variations in pipe diameter, due to its fluid-like properties.
The most recent was the 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion that killed at least four people, injured 60 and more victims are still missing. [19] Portions of the San Bruno pipeline had been built in 1956. In ideal situations, pipeline inspection gauges or a “PIG” (see Pigging) is used to inspect and ensure the safe operation of natural gas ...