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Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin, [1] and is usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed ...
Dyskeratosis is abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum. [1] Dyskeratosis congenita is congenital disease characterized by reticular skin pigmentation, nail degeneration, and leukoplakia on the mucous membranes associated with short telomeres. [2]
Porokeratosis may be divided into the following clinical types: [1]: 532 Plaque-type porokeratosis (also known as "Classic porokeratosis" and "Porokeratosis of Mibelli" [2]) is characterized by skin lesions that start as small, brownish papules that slowly enlarge to form irregular, annular, hyperkeratotic or verrucous plaques.
However, in hyperkeratinization, this process is interrupted and a number of these dead skin cells do not leave the follicle because of an excess of keratin, a natural protein found in the skin. This excess of keratin, which is influenced by genetics, results in an increased adherence/bonding of dead skin cells together.
Cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratin proteins Defective keratin type Condition(s) 1: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Ichthyosis hystrix of Curth–Macklin Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (Unna–Thost keratoderma) Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (Vörner keratoderma) 2 (2e) Ichthyosis bullosa of ...
Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. [1] In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal. [2] In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells.
Keratosis (from kerat-+ -osis) [1] is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. More specifically, it can refer to: actinic keratosis (also known as solar keratosis), a premalignant condition; chronic scar keratosis; hydrocarbon keratosis
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by abnormal thickening (scleroderma) of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles. Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described in medical literature. [1]: 505 [2]: 211 [3]