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This lists of mines in India is subsidiary to the list of mines article, and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marbles and other quarries may be included in this list. In India, the underground mine to surface mine ratio is 20:80 [citation needed].
Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India). Heavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare-earth elements, the industrial minerals diamond, sapphire, garnet, and occasionally precious metals or gemstones.
The sapphire deposits of Kashmir are well known in the gem industry, although their peak production took place in a relatively short period at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [ 5 ] : 463–482 These deposits are located in the Paddar Valley of the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir in India. [ 36 ]
Star of India. The Star of India is a 563.35-carat (112.67 g) star sapphire, one of the largest such gems in the world. [1] [a] It is almost flawless and is unusual in that it has stars on both sides of the stone. The greyish-blue gem was mined in Sri Lanka [3] and is housed in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
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India is pioneer in exploration and mining of commercial rock deposits and in establishing a firm base for stone industry. India, with an estimated resource of about 1,690 million cubic metres, comprising over 160 shades of Dimension Stone Granites (DSG), accounts for about 205 of the world's resources.
The mineralogy of the gem deposits varies widely with, among others, corundum (sapphire, ruby), chrysoberyl, beryl, spinel, topaz, zircon, tourmaline, garnet being common. [2] Residual deposits are mainly found in flood plains of rivers and streams. The metamorphic types of gems constitute 90% of the gem deposits in Sri Lanka.
Queen of Asia is the world's largest natural corundum blue sapphire. [1] It weighs 310 kilograms (1,600,000 carats). [2] It was found in Rajawaka in the Balangoda district, and it was revealed in December 2021. Estimated value is USD 150 million (2024) [3]