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Now all modern computers use switched-mode power supplies, which are lighter, less costly, and more efficient than equivalent linear power supplies. Computer power supplies may have short circuit protection, overpower (overload) protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-current protection, and over-temperature protection.
A modern computer power supply is a switch-mode power supply that converts AC power from the mains supply, to several DC voltages. Switch-mode supplies replaced linear supplies due to cost, weight, efficiency and size improvements. The diverse collection of output voltages also have widely varying current draw requirements.
An SMPS with a DC input does not require this stage. In some power supplies (mostly computer ATX power supplies), the rectifier circuit can be configured as a voltage doubler by the addition of a switch operated either manually or automatically. This feature permits operation from power sources that are normally at 115 VAC or at 230 VAC.
PS-ON Signal is a pin on a 20-pin or 24-pin ATX-specified power connector used to turn a personal computer power supply unit on/off. The PS_ON pin is normally pulled high in an open-circuit, but will turn on the power supply when it is pulled low, by shorting it to the common signal (COM).
Cheaper and/or lower quality power supplies do not follow the ATX specification of a separate monitoring circuit; they instead wire the power good output to one of the 5 V lines. This means the processor will never reset given bad power unless the 5 V line drops low enough to turn off the trigger, which could be too low for proper operation.
The 16-pin 12VHPWR connector is a standard for connecting graphics processing units (GPUs) to computer power supplies for up to 600 W power delivery. It was introduced in 2022 to supersede the previous 6- and 8-pin power connectors for GPUs. The primary aim was to cater to the increasing power requirements of high-performance GPUs.
However, to supply the same amount of power, the current would be higher than an equivalent 115 V or 230 V circuit; greater current requires larger conductors or more energy lost as heat. High voltage DC (380 V) is finding use in some data center applications and allows for small power conductors, but is subject to the more complex electrical ...
The power supply was instead turned on and off via a mechanical switch that disconnected mains power. Modern, ATX supplies, by contrast, are capable of being switched on and off by the computer itself, and the power button is actually a signal that is received by the motherboard and in turn passed along to the power supply.