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Tympanal organ on the tibia of the katydid Zabalius aridus Tympanal organ of two species of moths, ventral view of abdomen (Tineidae and Pyralidae). A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a tympanal membrane stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. [1]
For a long time humans have employed animal sounds to recognise and find them. Bioacoustics as a scientific discipline was established by the Slovene biologist Ivan Regen who began systematically to study insect sounds. In 1925 he used a special stridulatory device to play in a duet with an insect.
Ultrasound avoidance is known for several groups of insects that have independently evolved mechanisms for ultrasonic hearing. Insects have evolved a variety of ultrasound-sensitive ears based upon a vibrating tympanic membrane tuned to sense the bat's echolocating calls.
Johnston's organ exists in nearly all orders of insects. [2] In Drosophila melanogaster, in most mosquito species and some midge species, different subsets of Johnston's organ neurons are tuned to different amplitude and frequency of the movements allowing them to detect various stimuli including, sound, wind, gravity, wing beats, and touch.
Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns , and many of them are also specifically onomatopoeic .
Two examples of near-field sound communication are bee's waggle dance and Drosophila courtship songs. [12] In fruit flies, the arista of the antennae and the third segment act as the sound receiver. [12] Vibrations of the receiver cause rotation of the third segment, which channels sound input to the mechanoreceptors of the Johnston's organ. [12]
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Some cicadas produce sounds louder than 106 dB (SPL), among the loudest of all insect-produced sounds. [2] They modulate their noise by positioning their abdomens toward or away from the substrate. The sound of an Amphipsalta zelandica cicada in Lower Hutt , New Zealand , recorded in mid-February, 2006