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A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. [1] Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), [2] [3] and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an ...
A lymph follicle is a dense collection of lymphocytes, the number, size, and configuration of which change in accordance with the functional state of the lymph node. For example, the follicles expand significantly when encountering a foreign antigen. The selection of B cells, or B lymphocytes, occurs in the germinal centre of the lymph nodes.
Lymph has a composition similar but not identical to that of blood plasma. Lymph that leaves a lymph node is richer in lymphocytes than blood plasma is. The lymph formed in the human digestive system called chyle is rich in triglycerides (fat), and looks milky white because of its lipid content.
A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus. [1] These cells consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei.
These memory T cells lack lymph node-homing receptors and are thus found in the peripheral circulation and tissues. [22] T EMRA stands for terminally differentiated effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA, which is a marker usually found on naive T cells. [23] Tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM) occupy tissues (skin, lung, etc.) without ...
The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. [57] B cells are involved in the humoral immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response.
Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.Absolute lymphocytosis is the condition where there is an increase in the lymphocyte count beyond the normal range while relative lymphocytosis refers to the condition where the proportion of lymphocytes relative to white blood cell count is above the normal range.
Although lymphocytes are usually considered mature, as seen in blood tests, they are certainly not inert. Lymphocytes can travel around the body wherever there is a need. When such needs arise, new rounds of downstream lymphopoiesis, such as cell multiplication and differentiation, may occur, accompanied by intense mitotic and metabolic activity.