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  2. Scientific notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation

    In scientific notation, this is written 9.109 383 56 × 10 −31 kg. The Earth's mass is about 5 972 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg. [21] In scientific notation, this is written 5.9724 × 10 24 kg. The Earth's circumference is approximately 40 000 000 m. [22] In scientific notation, this is 4 × 10 7 m. In engineering notation, this is written ...

  3. Van der Waals constants (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_constants...

    a (L 2 bar/mol 2) b (L/mol) ; Acetic acid: 17.7098 0.1065 Acetic anhydride: 20.158 0.1263 Acetone: 16.02 0.1124 Acetonitrile: 17.81 0.1168 Acetylene: 4.516 0.0522 Ammonia: 4.225 0.0371

  4. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    4. Standard notation for an equivalence relation. 5. In probability and statistics, may specify the probability distribution of a random variable. For example, (,) means that the distribution of the random variable X is standard normal. [2] 6. Notation for proportionality.

  5. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in...

    Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.

  6. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable.The general form of its probability density function is [2] [3] = ().

  7. Decibel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

    The decibel originates from methods used to quantify signal loss in telegraph and telephone circuits. Until the mid-1920s, the unit for loss was miles of standard cable (MSC). 1 MSC corresponded to the loss of power over one mile (approximately 1.6 km) of standard telephone cable at a frequency of 5000 radians per second (795.8 Hz), and matched closely the smallest attenuation detectable to a ...

  8. Scalar curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_curvature

    Given a Riemannian metric g, the scalar curvature Scal is defined as the trace of the Ricci curvature tensor with respect to the metric: [1] = ⁡. The scalar curvature cannot be computed directly from the Ricci curvature since the latter is a (0,2)-tensor field; the metric must be used to raise an index to obtain a (1,1)-tensor field in order to take the trace.

  9. Finsler manifold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsler_manifold

    In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold M where a (possibly asymmetric) Minkowski norm F(x, −) is provided on each tangent space T x M, that enables one to define the length of any smooth curve γ : [a, b] → M as