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A Crosley IcyBall with cold side ball on left, hot side ball on right. Icyball is a name given to two early refrigerators, one made by Australian Sir Edward Hallstrom in 1923, and the other design patented by David Forbes Keith of Toronto (filed 1927, granted 1929), [1] [2] and manufactured by American Powel Crosley Jr., who bought the rights to the device.
Common absorption refrigerators use a refrigerant with a very low boiling point (less than −18 °C (0 °F)) just like compressor refrigerators.Compression refrigerators typically use an HCFC or HFC, while absorption refrigerators typically use ammonia or water and need at least a second fluid able to absorb the coolant, the absorbent, respectively water (for ammonia) or brine (for water).
U.S. patent D159,209 was issued on July 4, 1950 – Design for air conditioning unit. U.S. patent 2,523,273 was issued on September 26, 1950 – Engine actuated ventilating system. U.S. patent 2,526,874 was issued on October 24, 1950 – Apparatus for heating or cooling atmosphere within an enclosure.
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
Just as horsepower and candlepower were intuitive units of measure for people living through the transition from horse to steam power [3] and from flame-based to electric lighting, so was the ton of refrigeration an intuitive unit of measure during a technological change, as the ice trade gradually included growing percentages of artificial ice ...
By 1890, after acquiring the patent rights of Franz Windhausen's CO 2-compression refrigeration system, the J & E Hall company installed the first marine CO 2 refrigerator system on the Nelson Line ship Highland Chief. In 1900, a worldwide survey found 356 refrigerated ships, 37% of which had air machines, 37% ammonia compressors and 25% CO 2 ...