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The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar months. Also illustrates Adhika Masa (Year 2-Bhadrapada) repeats; the first time the Sun moves entirely within Simha Rashi thus rendering it an Adhika Masa. Twelve Hindu mas (māsa, lunar month) are equal to approximately 354 days, while the length of a sidereal (solar) year is about 365 days.
A pakṣa (Sanskrit: पक्ष) is the time taken by the Moon to move from a new moon to a full moon and vice versa. The waxing phase of the moon is known as the bright side (Sanskrit: शुक्ल पक्ष, romanized: śukla pakṣa) and the waning phase is known as the dark side (Sanskrit: कृष्ण पक्ष, romanized: kṛṣṇa pakṣa).
An extra month, or adhika-masa falls every 32.5 months on an average. The solar year is made up of 365 days and about 6 hours, and the lunar year is made up of 354 days. This causes a gap of 11 days, 1 hour, 31 minutes and 12 seconds between the lunar and the solar years. As this gap accumulates each year, it approximates in 2.7 years to one month.
The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta ...
The Tamil month that corresponds to Vaisakha is Chithirai (mid-April to mid-May). In the Hindu lunar calendar, Vaisakha begins with the new moon in April and represents the second month of the lunar year. The name of the month is derived from the position of the Moon near the Vishākhā constellation ("Nakshatra") on the full-moon day. [4]
Ashvin or Ashwin or Ashwan (/ ə ˈ ʃ w ɪ n /; Bengali: আশ্বিন; Hindi: आश्विन; Awadhi: कुआर; Odia: ଆଶ୍ୱିନ; Malay/Indonesian: Aswin; Thai: Asawin), also known as Aswayuja, is the seventh month of the lunisolar Hindu calendar, the solar Tamil calendar, where it is known as Aippasi, and the solar Indian national calendar.
Paksha (Sanskrit: पक्ष, romanized: pakṣa) refers to a fortnight or a lunar phase in a month of the Hindu lunar calendar. [1] [2] Literally meaning "side", [3] a paksha is the period either side of the purnima (full moon day). A lunar month in the Hindu calendar has two fortnights, and begins with the purnima .
Since the traditional Hindu calendar follows the lunar cycle, Magha's start and end dates vary from year to year, unlike the months of the Hindu solar calendars. Magha is a winter (Shishira Ritu) month. [2] [3] The lunar month of Magha overlaps with the solar month of Makara, which begins with the Sun's entry into Capricorn. [4] [5]