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The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (r. 1526–1530), a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of both Timur and Genghis Khan. The Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Persian princesses. [2] [3] [4]
Babur had four children by Maham Begum, of whom only one survived infancy. This was his eldest son and heir, Humayun. Masuma Sultan Begum died during childbirth; the year of her death is disputed (either 1508 or 1519). Gulrukh bore Babur two sons, Kamran and Askari, and Dildar Begum was the mother of Babur's youngest son, Hindal. [71]
The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. [10] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, [11] [12] during whose reign the empire also achieved its
Aurangzeb's Deccan campaign saw one of the largest death tolls in South Asian history, with an estimated 4.6 million people killed during his reign, Muslims and Hindus alike. [119] An estimated of 2.5 million of Aurangzeb's army were killed during the Mughal–Maratha Wars (100,000 annually during a quarter-century), while 2 million civilians ...
Babur (1483–1530) Sometime ruler of Ferghana, Samarqand and Kabul Founder of the Mughal Empire: 3. Jahangir II (d.1507/8) Ruler of Ferghana r.1497–1498: 2. Abdur Razaq Ruler of Kabul and Ghazni (d.1509) r.1502: Muhammad Zaman Mirza (1496–1539) Mughal emperors
The final section of the Bāburnāma covers the years 1525 to 1529 and the establishment of the Mughal Empire over what was by his death still a relatively small part of north-western India, which Babur's descendants would expand and rule for three centuries.
Mughal family tree. This section needs additional citations for verification. ... Babur (1526-1530) 2. Humayun (1508 –1556) Masuma Sultan Begum: Kamran Mirza