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The Mutapa Empire – sometimes referred to as the Mutapa Kingdom, Mwenemutapa, (Shona: Mwene (or Munhu) we Mutapa, Portuguese: Monomotapa) – was an African empire in Zimbabwe, which expanded to what is now modern-day Mozambique, Botswana, Malawi, and Zambia. A sixteenth-century Portuguese map of Monomotapa lying in the interior of southern ...
Europeans first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the sixteenth century, when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa, which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique. Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two ...
Mutapa independent of Rozvi; moves capital to Chikova in 1723: 1723 to 1735: Samatambira Nyamhandu I, Mwenemutapa: Rules in close alliance with Portuguese at Tete: 1735 to 1740: Nyatsusu, Mwenemutapa: 1740 to 1759: Dehwe Mapunzaguta, Mwenemutapa: Has Portuguese garrison reinstated at royal capital. 1760: Mutapa collapses in Civil War; dynasty ...
There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".
[22] [44] The Mutapa state arose in the 15th century from the northward expansion of the Great Zimbabwe tradition, [45] having been founded by Nyatsimba Mutota from Great Zimbabwe after he was sent to find new sources of salt in the north; [46] (this supports the belief that Great Zimbabwe's decline was due to a shortage of resources).
It is unknown what caused Great Zimbabwe's decline from the 15th century, however land depletion or a depletion of critical resources, a decline in global trade, and increased regional competition likely played a role. By the 16th century, the Mutapa Empire and Kingdom of Butua had replaced Great Zimbabwe as the major powers in the region ...
The Portuguese also established their trade interests in the Kingdom of Mutapa in the 16th century, and in 1629 placed a puppet ruler on the throne. The Portuguese (and later also the Dutch) also became involved in the local slave economy, supporting the state of the Jaggas, who performed slave raids in the Congo. [citation needed]
Portuguese ruins in Zimbabwe are scattered across the northern parts of Zimbabwe.They are a remnant of the Portuguese colonial presence in south-eastern Africa.From their coastal settlements, the Portuguese penetrated into what is now Zimbabwe as early as 1560, nearly 300 years before David Livingstone arrived at the Victoria Falls.