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In neuroanatomy, the ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus which produces the circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Extra attention should be placed on intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring via an intraventricular catheter and medications to maintain ICP, blood pressure, and coagulation. [2] In more severe cases an external ventricular drain may be required to maintain ICP and evacuate the hemorrhage, and in extreme cases an open craniotomy may be required.
Both cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow depend on several important parameters, including cerebrovascular resistance, intracranial pressure, and mean arterial pressure. [1] The ratio between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume can be an accurate predictor of decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, thereby predicting cerebral ...
The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a fluid–brain barrier that is composed of a pair of membranes that separate blood from CSF at the capillary level and CSF from brain tissue. [14] The blood–CSF boundary at the choroid plexus is a membrane composed of epithelial cells and tight junctions that link them. [ 14 ]
[2] [3] It overlies the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, [4] and is involved in the secretion of vasopressin. [2] The VOLT monitors the presence of peptides and macromolecules in the bloodstream, and conveys the information to the hypothalamus. [3] It is one of the three sensory circumventricular organs of the brain. [5] The other four ...
Sometimes surgery to directly remove the blood can be therapeutic. [1] Cerebral bleeding affects about 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. [2] It occurs more often in males and older people. [2] About 44% of those affected die within a month. [2] A good outcome occurs in about 20% of those affected. [2]
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull. [1] Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds (intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds. [2] Intracerebral bleeding affects 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. [1]
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. [8] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output. [9] This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute. [10] [11] [12]