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Isotopocules are isotopically substituted molecules, which differ only in their isotopic composition or their isotopes' intramolecular position. [1] "Isotopocule" is also an umbrella term for the more specific terms "isotopologue" and "isotopomer", coined by Jan Kaiser and Thomas Röckmann in 2008. [2] [3]
An example is water, whose hydrogen-related isotopologues are: "light water" (HOH or H 2 O), "semi-heavy water" with the deuterium isotope in equal proportion to protium (HDO or 1 H 2 HO), "heavy water" with two deuterium atoms (D 2 O or 2 H 2 O); and "super-heavy water" or tritiated water (T 2 O or 3 H 2 O, as well as HTO [1 H 3 HO] and DTO [2 ...
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".
Archaeological materials, such as bone, organic residues, hair, or sea shells, can serve as substrates for isotopic analysis. Carbon, nitrogen and zinc isotope ratios are used to investigate the diets of past people; these isotopic systems can be used with others, such as strontium or oxygen, to answer questions about population movements and cultural interactions, such as trade.
Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements.Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them.
Molecular biology / m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. [1] [2] [3]
APE1 exhibits robust AP-endonuclease activity, which accounts for >95% of the total cellular activity, and APE1 is considered to be the major AP endonuclease in human cells. [4] Human AP endonuclease (APE1), like most AP endonucleases, is of class II and requires an Mg 2+ in its active site in order to carry out its role in base excision repair ...
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