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Hamartiology, a branch of Christian theology which is the study of sin, [3] describes sin as an act of offence against God by despising his persons and Christian biblical law, and by injuring others. [4] Christian hamartiology is closely related to concepts of natural law, moral theology and Christian ethics.
Being participant in sexual activity, in which a betrothed woman loses her virginity to another man [17]; Raping a betrothed woman in the countryside. [18]Adultery with a married woman. [19]
Warfare represents a special category of biblical violence and is a topic the Bible addresses, directly and indirectly, in four ways: there are verses that support pacifism, and verses that support non-resistance; 4th century theologian Augustine found the basis of just war in the Bible, and preventive war which is sometimes called crusade has also been supported using Bible texts.
All others who engage in the same crime as described above are punished with a three-year excommunication. [9] Any metropolitan bishop who refuses to come to his patriarch when summoned unless delayed by pagan invasion or genuine illness, or if he pretends to have no knowledge of the summoning (when he does) or hides in some way, is excommunicated.
A penitent confessing his sins in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church of the Bernardines in Lviv, Ukraine. A mortal sin (Latin: peccātum mortāle), in Christian theology, is a gravely sinful act which can lead to damnation if a person does not repent of the sin before death.
The Hebrew Bible is considered a holy text in most Abrahamic religions. It records a large number of events and laws that are endorsed or proscribed by the God of Israel. Judaism teaches that the Torah contains 613 commandments, many of which deal with crime and punishment, but only the Noahide Laws apply to humanity in general
Although considered a serious offense against canon law, simony is thought to have become widespread in the Catholic Church during the 9th and 10th centuries. [7] In the eleventh century, it was the focus of a great deal of debate. [ 8 ]
The Bible identifies the following offences as punishable by death. At least two witnesses were required, [6] and rabbinic tradition imposed further conditions to prevent erroneous convictions. Offences that are punishable by death in the Torah, include the following: [3] [4]