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Binomial Lattice for equity, with CRR formulae Tree for an bond option returning the OAS (black vs red): the short rate is the top value; the development of the bond value shows pull-to-par clearly . In quantitative finance, a lattice model [1] is a numerical approach to the valuation of derivatives in situations requiring a discrete time model.
In finance, the binomial options pricing model (BOPM) provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options.Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black–Scholes formula is wanting, which in general does not exist for the BOPM.
In mathematics, a supermodular function is a function on a lattice that, informally, has the property of being characterized by "increasing differences." Seen from the point of set functions, this can also be viewed as a relationship of "increasing returns", where adding more elements to a subset increases its valuation.
The trinomial tree is a lattice-based computational model used in financial mathematics to price options.It was developed by Phelim Boyle in 1986. It is an extension of the binomial options pricing model, and is conceptually similar.
In 1968, H. George Frederickson articulated "a theory of social equity" and put it forward as the 'third pillar' of public administration. [6] Frederickson was concerned that those in public administration were making the mistake of assuming that citizen A is the same as citizen B; ignoring social and economic conditions.
Economic equity is the construct, concept or idea of fairness in economics and justice in the distribution of wealth, resources, and taxation within a society. Equity is closely tied to taxation policies, welfare economics , and the discussions of public finance, influencing how resources are allocated among different segments of the population.
Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a contemporary one, known as "new economic sociology".
It is suggested that modern mainstream economics is based entirely on DSGE models. [10] [5] Therefore, the importance of microfoundations lies in its synonymous relationship with DSGE. [11] The Smets-Wouters model is one example of the importance of microfoundations as it is regarded as a benchmark model for analysing monetary and fiscal policy ...