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The China National Traditional Orchestra was founded by composer and conductor Li Huanzhi (1919–2000), [18] [19] the former chair of the Chinese Musicians' Association. CNTO's current president and producer is musician and ethnomusicologist Xi Qiang, [16] [20] who is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
The term Chinese orchestra is most commonly used to refer to the modern Chinese orchestra that is found in China and various overseas Chinese communities. This modern Chinese orchestra first developed out of Jiangnan sizhu ensemble in the 1920s into a form that is based on the structure and principles of a Western symphony orchestra but using Chinese instruments.
The ancient Chinese orchestra, which comprised up to several hundred or more traditional Chinese musical instruments of many types, existed from at least the Shang dynasty and performed yayue music for court rituals and sacrifices, as well as for entertainment of the court. Ancient Chinese orchestra
The modern Chinese orchestra however was created in the 20th century modeled on Western symphony orchestra using Chinese instruments. In the traditional yanyue, a single dominant melodic line was favored, but the new music and arrangements of traditional melodies created for this modern orchestra is more polyphonic in nature.
The orchestra's musicians utilize more than 30 types of traditional and modernized Chinese instruments as well as cello- and double bass-like instruments called laruan and dalaruan. Since 1957, it has performed overseas in the USSR , Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia , Albania, East Germany , Italy, Japan, and Malta.
Different from monophonic traditional Chinese music of traditional ensembles, most pieces composed for a modern Chinese orchestra are polyphonic. More importantly, after the foundation of the PRC , the instruments of the Chinese orchestra were tuned to be equal-tempered , the same as Western instruments, rather than following the traditional ...
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories (classified by the material from which the instruments were made) known as bā yīn (). [1] The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups.
The Shanghai Chinese Orchestra (Chinese: 上海 民族 乐团) is a large orchestra of traditional Chinese musical instruments based in Shanghai, China. It was established in 1952, and was the first large-scale modern orchestra of traditional instruments in China. [1] Its conductor is Wang Fujian (王甫建).