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Islamic geography began in the 8th century, influenced by Hellenistic geography, [2] combined with what explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1]
Islam, Orientalism and Intellectual History: Modernity and the Politics of Exclusion since Ibn Khaldun (Library of Middle East History) by Mohammad R. Salama ISBN 1-84885-005-0, 1848850050. [4] Orhan Pamuk and the Politics of Turkish Identity: From Islam to Istanbul by Erdag Goknar, ISBN 0-415-50538-0, 978-0415505383, Routledge Publication. [5]
In other word Adalah has a wide meaning as putting everything in their right places, so being The Most Merciful or The Sustainer get their meaning from Adalah. 2. Eschatology and Prophecy and Imamah as principles of the Shia Theology are closely related to Adalah. 3. At the beginning of Islam there was a conflict regarding the meaning of justice.
Hejaz is the region in the Arabian Peninsula where Mecca and Medina are located. It is where the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born and raised. [13]The two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are traditionally known as the Ḥaramayn, which is the dual form of ḥaram, thus meaning "The Two Sanctuaries". [14]
Islamic cultures or Muslim cultures refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the Muslim world.These practices, while not always religious in nature, are generally influenced by aspects of Islam, particularly due to the religion serving as an effective conduit for the inter-mingling of people from different ethnic/national backgrounds in a way ...
He was born Muṣṭafa ibn 'Abd Allāh (مصطفى بن عبد الله) in Istanbul in February 1609 (Dhu’l-Qa‘da 1017 AH).His father was a sipahi [7] (cavalrist) and silāhdār (sword bearer) of the Sublime Porte and secretary in the Anadolı muhasebesi (Anatolian finance accountancy) in Istanbul.
The Ismā'īlī Shi'a (the Nizari, and Mustaali) have more pillars than those of the Sunni.The Shahadah (profession of faith) is not considered a pillar and is instead seen as the foundation upon which they are built. [1]
Hishām ibn al-Kalbī (Arabic: هشام بن الكلبي), 737 AD – 819 AD/204 AH, also known as Ibn al-Kalbi (إبن الكلبي), was an Arab historian. [1] His full name was Abu al-Mundhir Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib ibn Bishr al-Kalbi.