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In mathematics, an embedding (or imbedding [1]) is one instance of some mathematical structure contained within another instance, such as a group that is a subgroup. When some object X {\displaystyle X} is said to be embedded in another object Y {\displaystyle Y} , the embedding is given by some injective and structure-preserving map f : X → ...
Abstract algebra is the subject area of mathematics that studies algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, and algebras.The phrase abstract algebra was coined at the turn of the 20th century to distinguish this area from what was normally referred to as algebra, the study of the rules for manipulating formulae and algebraic expressions involving unknowns and ...
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers.
A smooth embedding is an injective immersion f : M → N that is also a topological embedding, so that M is diffeomorphic to its image in N. An immersion is precisely a local embedding – that is, for any point x ∈ M there is a neighbourhood, U ⊆ M, of x such that f : U → N is an embedding, and conversely a local embedding is an ...
In mathematics, the Yoneda lemma is a fundamental result in category theory. [1] It is an abstract result on functors of the type morphisms into a fixed object.It is a vast generalisation of Cayley's theorem from group theory (viewing a group as a miniature category with just one object and only isomorphisms).
In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney: . The strong Whitney embedding theorem states that any smooth real m-dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) can be smoothly embedded in the real 2m-space, , if m > 0.
The technical statement appearing in Nash's original paper is as follows: if M is a given m-dimensional Riemannian manifold (analytic or of class C k, 3 ≤ k ≤ ∞), then there exists a number n (with n ≤ m(3m+11)/2 if M is a compact manifold, and with n ≤ m(m+1)(3m+11)/2 if M is a non-compact manifold) and an isometric embedding ƒ: M → R n (also analytic or of class C k). [15]
The embedding of X into Y is a compact operator: any bounded set in X is totally bounded in Y, i.e. every sequence in such a bounded set has a subsequence that is Cauchy in the norm ||•|| Y. If Y is a Banach space, an equivalent definition is that the embedding operator (the identity) i : X → Y is a compact operator.