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Simple motor tics are typically sudden, brief, meaningless movements that usually involve only one group of muscles, such as eye blinking, head jerking, or shoulder shrugging. [10] Motor tics can be of an endless variety and may include such movements as hand clapping, neck stretching, mouth movements, head, arm or leg jerks, and facial grimacing.
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a psychological measure designed to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms of disorders such as tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17. [1] [2]
Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year. Tourette syndrome was diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics were present for more than a year. Tic disorder NOS was diagnosed when tics were present, but did not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.
A. Either one or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, for example, motor or vocal noises that are rapid, repeated, sudden, and nonrhythmic. B. The tics happen multiple times over the course of the day, almost every day for at least 4 weeks, but do not occur continually for any longer than 1 year. C. Symptoms are present before the age of 18. D.
In a 2003 study by Shytle and colleagues, a survey was sent to parents from a TS group email list, asking them to rate the frequency and relative significance of 32 behavioral and emotional symptoms observed in their children. [2] Of 35 respondents, 80% concurred that behavioral and emotional symptoms were more afflicting than tics. [2]
Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome have not been fully elucidated.Tourette syndrome (abbreviated as Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic, which characteristically wax and wane.