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Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. [91] Germanium crystals are also used in X-ray spectrometers for the determination of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur. [92] Germanium is emerging as an important material for spintronics and spin-based quantum computing applications.
Organogermanium compounds are used in relatively few commercial applications. Isobutylgermane, a volatile colorless liquid, is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) in the deposition of Ge semiconductor films. Propagermanium, also known as Ge-132, and spirogermanium are drugs. [citation needed]
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...
In agriculture, the use of the Global Positioning System provides benefits in geo-fencing, map-making and surveying. GPS receivers dropped in price over the years, making it more popular for civilian use. With the use of GPS, civilians can produce simple yet highly accurate digitized map without the help of a professional cartographer.
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H 4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO 2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride.
Most commercial production of germanium is from treating flue-dusts of zinc- and copper-ore smelters, although a significant source is also found in the ash from the combustion of certain types of coal called vitrain. Germanium tetrachloride is an intermediate for the purification of germanium metal or its oxide, GeO 2. [5]
Germanium dioxide is also used as a catalyst in production of polyethylene terephthalate resin, [13] and for production of other germanium compounds. It is used as a feedstock for production of some phosphors and semiconductor materials. Germanium dioxide is used in algaculture as an inhibitor of unwanted diatom growth in algal cultures