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The bile duct [1] [4] (formerly known as the common bile duct [4]) is a part of the biliary tract. [4] It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct. It ends by uniting with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. It possesses its sphincter to enable the regulation of bile flow.
Accessory pancreatic duct 17. Pancreatic duct 18. Small intestine: 19. Duodenum 20. Jejunum 21–22. Right and left kidneys The front border of the liver has been lifted up (brown arrow). [1] Intrahepatic bile ducts compose the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. They can be divided into: [2]
Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho-+ lithiasis). This condition can cause jaundice and liver cell damage. Treatments include choledocholithotomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
The double duct sign is a radiological finding characterized by the simultaneous dilation of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. This sign is significant because it often indicates an obstruction in the distal bile duct and pancreatic duct, frequently caused by serious underlying pathologies such as pancreatic carcinoma or ...
[10] Other procedures associated with ERCP include the trawling of the common bile duct with a basket or balloon to remove gallstones and the insertion of a plastic stent to assist the drainage of bile. [11] Also, the pancreatic duct can be cannulated and stents be inserted. The pancreatic duct requires visualisation in cases of pancreatitis.
It is formed by the union of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). [3] The duct is about 3 cm long. [4] The common hepatic duct is about 6 mm in diameter in adults, with some variation. [5]
Biliary atresia is the most common reason for pediatric liver trasplantation in the United States. [2] It has an incidence of one in 10,000–15,000 live births in the United States, [3] and a prevalence of one in 16,700 in the British Isles. [4] [5] Globally, biliary atresia cases are most common in East Asia, with a frequency of one in 5,000.
A surgically created passage between the common bile duct and the jejunum in a procedure called a choledochojejunostomy, can be carried out to relieve the symptoms of biliary obstruction as well as allows the bile duct to drain. [5] In infants with biliary atresia, hepatoportoenterostomy is an alternative method of providing bile drainage.