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Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth, which is often (but not always) associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands. [3] The term is derived from the Greek words ξηρός (xeros) meaning "dry" and στόμα (stoma) meaning "mouth". [4] [5] A drug or substance that increases the rate of salivary flow is termed a sialogogue.
Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [ 3 ]
Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. [27] Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough, hoarse voice, nausea and vomiting. [26]
Transient surface discoloration of the tongue and other soft tissues in the mouth can occur in the absence of hairy tongue. Causes include smoking (or betel chewing ), [ 8 ] some foods and beverages (e.g., coffee, tea or liquorice ), [ 8 ] and certain medications (e.g., chlorhexidine , [ 8 ] iron salts, [ 8 ] or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto ...
Side effects associated with domperidone include dry mouth, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, rash, itching, hives, and hyperprolactinemia (the symptoms of which may include breast enlargement, galactorrhea, breast pain/tenderness, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, and menstrual irregularities).
Known side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, rash, headache, runny nose, cough, drowsiness, hot flashes, blurred vision, and difficulty sleeping. [3] Contraindications include asthma and angle closure glaucoma. [citation needed]
Atrophic glossitis is a non-specific finding, [16] and has a great many causes, usually related to iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, B vitamin complex deficiencies, [16] unrecognized and untreated celiac disease (which often presents without gastrointestinal symptoms), [17] [18] [19] or other factors such as xerostomia (dry mouth).