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A flood basalt (or plateau basalt [1]) is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the Earth via a mantle plume . [ 2 ]
The Columbia River Basalt Group (including the Steen and Picture Gorge basalts) extends over portions of four states. The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest, smallest and one of the best-preserved continental flood basalt provinces on Earth, covering over 210,000 km 2 (81,000 sq mi) mainly eastern Oregon and Washington, western Idaho, and part of northern Nevada. [1]
It flows westward along the county line between Pitkin and Eagle County. Below Meredith, it is dammed to form the Ruedi Reservoir. It joins the Roaring Fork below Basalt. A portion of the river's water is diverted to the east side of the continental divide for irrigation and drinking water via the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project.
In the eastern part of the basin, the sedimentary section is capped by flows of basalt of Miocene age. [1] The basin is highly asymmetrical, the beds dipping more steeply on the west side than the east. The sedimentary rocks of the basin are extensively intruded by igneous plugs, dikes and sills of Eocene to Oligocene age.
163.5 ± 1.0 Middle: Callovian: 166.1 ± 1.2 Bathonian: 168.3 ± 1.3 * Bajocian: 170.3 ± 1.4 * Aalenian: 174.1 ± 1.0 * Lower: Toarcian: 182.7 ± 0.7 early Toarcian anoxic event Karoo-Ferrar (~183) [w] Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction Formed as Gondwana broke up Pliensbachian: 190.8 ± 1.0 * Sinemurian: 199.3 ± 0.3 * C. Atlantic magmatic ...
The flows are about 62 to 64 million years old according to radiometric dating, which places them in the early Paleocene epoch. Generally referred to as basaltic , they are classified either as monzonite (the lowest flow) and latite (the upper two flows), [ 6 ] or as shoshonite . [ 7 ]
Lava flows from the Uinkaret volcanic field that have cascaded down into the Grand Canyon, damming the Colorado River, have been used to date the canyon's carving. [3] One of these cascades is today's Lava Falls. Lava Falls Rapid, below Lava Falls on the Colorado River, is "at all water levels, the most severe rapid in Grand Canyon." [4]
The upper unit of the Cardenas Basalt is a series of cliff-forming basaltic and andesitic lava flows that are interbedded with beds of breccia, sandstone, and lapillite. It is about 200 m (660 ft) thick and contains four to six, prominent lava flows that range in composition from quartz tholeiite to tholeiitic andesite ( icelandite ).