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Azerbaijan halted rail traffic into and out of Armenia, cutting most of its land links with the outside world. [206] The negative economic effects of the Nagorno-Karabakh war on both countries illustrated Transcaucasian interdependence. Within a year of his election, Elchibey faced the same situation which had led to Mutallibov's downfall.
Azerbaijan, [a] officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, [b] is a transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. [10] It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south.
In 1918–1920, Lorenz Kuhn was the representative of the German population in the parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. At that time, one of important historical events in the Germans' life took place, the 100th anniversary of the Germans' settlement and Helenendorf colony were celebrated in Azerbaijan on June 9, 1919. [2]
The Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, also known as the Sovietization or Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan, took place in April 1920. It was a military campaign conducted by the 11th Army of Soviet Russia with the aim of installing a new Soviet government in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic .
The adoption of such documents as the UN General Assembly Resolution on the Extradition of the Prisoners of War and the Punishment of War Criminals (13 February 1946), the 1947 Treaty on Peace Agreements of the Anti-Hitler Coalition with Italy, Finland, Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria, the 1949 Geneva Convention, was the main reason for repatriation of the German prisoners of war.
The mechanized German army aimed to secure a large supply of oil. Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, provided an overwhelming share of Soviet oil production.In an agreement of February 1940 following the August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union committed to exchange German machinery, manufactures, and technology for Soviet resources.
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, [b] [c] also known as the Azerbaijan People's Republic, [d] was the first secular democratic republic in the Turkic and Muslim worlds. [10] The ADR was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on 28 May 1918 after the collapse of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, and ceased to exist on April 28, 1920. [11]
Plaque on palace of the former Viceroy in Tbilisi commemorating the establishment of the First Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. After the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, members of the defunct Seim's Muslim Faction (i.e. Muslim National Council) [20] convened an emergency meeting to discuss the current political situation on 27 May 1918.