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An example is the Stone Wales defect in nanotubes, which consists of two adjacent 5-membered and two 7-membered atom rings. Schematic illustration of defects in a compound solid, using GaAs as an example. Amorphous solids may contain defects. These are naturally somewhat hard to define, but sometimes their nature can be quite easily understood.
The relationship is defined by a symmetry operation called a twin operation. [1] [2] The twin operation is not one of the normal symmetry operations of the untwinned crystal structure. For example, the twin operation may be reflection across a plane that is not a symmetry plane of the single crystal. [1] [2]
In computer vision, the Lucas–Kanade method is a widely used differential method for optical flow estimation developed by Bruce D. Lucas and Takeo Kanade.It assumes that the flow is essentially constant in a local neighbourhood of the pixel under consideration, and solves the basic optical flow equations for all the pixels in that neighbourhood, by the least squares criterion.
Theo Pavlidis' Algorithm is a well-known method for contour tracing in binary images proposed, designed to methodically detect and follow the boundaries of related components. The technique starts by locating an initial boundary pixel, which is usually the first black pixel seen while scanning the image from top to bottom and left to right.
Anomaly detection has become increasingly vital in video surveillance to enhance security and safety. [13] [14] With the advent of deep learning technologies, methods using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Simple Recurrent Units (SRUs) have shown significant promise in identifying unusual activities or behaviors in video data. [13]
The striped borders correspond to perfectly matched layers, which are used to simulate open boundaries by absorbing the outgoing waves. A perfectly matched layer ( PML ) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations , commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods to simulate problems with open boundaries, especially ...
The Kirkendall effect is the motion of the interface between two metals that occurs due to the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms. The effect can be observed, for example, by placing insoluble markers at the interface between a pure metal and an alloy containing that metal, and heating to a temperature where atomic diffusion is reasonable for the given timescale; the boundary ...
Orthogonal defect classification (ODC) [1] turns semantic information in the software defect stream into a measurement on the process. [2] The ideas were developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Ram Chillarege [3] at IBM Research. This has led to the development of new analytical methods used for software development and test process ...