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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
List of Roman emperors List of Byzantine emperors: Empire of Nicaea: 1204–1261 Basileus: Empire of Trebizond: 1204–1461 Basileus: List of Trapezuntine emperors: Empire of Thessalonica: 1224–1242 Basileus: Latin Empire: 1204–1261 Imperator: Latin Emperor: Holy Roman Empire: 800–1806 Imperator: Holy Roman Emperor: Avar Khaganate: 567 ...
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The following is a list of imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire. Entries in italics are for elections where the claim of the man elected to be King of the Romans was disputed. Election
The Holy Roman Empire was a claimed “successor state” to Charlemagne's Carolingian empire along with France and several other realms. The empire was a lot larger than modern day Germany and included the modern day countries Austria, the low countries, large parts of Eastern France, Northern Italy, Slovenia, parts of the northern Baltic, and Switzerland.
Holy Roman Empire in Italy. Kingdom of Italy (complete list) – Integrum: Simultaneous claimants. Berengar I, King (887–924) Louis III the Blind, King (900–905) Rudolph II of Burgundy, King (922–926) Hugh of Arles, King (924–947) Lothair II, King (948–950) Berengar II of Ivrea, co-King (950–961) Adalbert of Ivrea, co-King (950–963)
Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1084–1105), King (1053–1087) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1111–1125), King (1099–1125) Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (1133–1137), King (1125–1137) Conrad III, King (1138–1152) Henry Berengar, co-King (1138–1150) Frederick I ...
Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany; Emperors Elect, Kings – Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705) Joseph I, Emperor Elect (1705–1711), King (1690–1711) Charles VI, Emperor Elect, King (1711–1740) Charles VII, Emperor Elect, King (1742–1745) Francis I, Emperor Elect (1745–1765), King (1745–1764)