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Freiherr, a German word meaning literally "Free Master" or "Free Lord" (i.e. not subdued to feudal chores or drudgery), is the German equivalent of the English term "Baron", with the important difference that unlike the British Baron, he is not a "Peer of the Realm" (member of the high aristocracy). [39] The female equivalent is Freifrau.
Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in order of precedence below an emperor, king, grand prince, archduke, or prince-archbishop, and above a sovereign prince or sovereign duke.
Grand duke is the usual and established, though not literal, translation of these terms in English and Romance languages, which do not normally use separate words for a "prince" who reigns as a monarch (e.g., Albert II, Prince of Monaco) and a "prince" who does not reign, but belongs to a monarch's family (e.g., Prince George of Wales).
Latin translation was dux meaning "duke" in the Middle Ages, whereas Latin for "prince" is princeps. The overall leader of the Lithuanian dukes (Lith. plural: kunigaikščiai) was the grand duke (Lith.: didysis kunigaikštis, Latin: magnus dux), who acted as the monarch of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1795 when Russians took over the land.
The following is the order of precedence in England and Wales as of February 2025. Separate orders exist for men and women.. Names in italics indicate that these people rank elsewhere—either higher in that table of precedence or in the table for the other sex.
The son of the current Duke of Northumberland has the courtesy title of Earl Percy, and is addressed and referred to as "Lord Percy".. If a peer of one of the top three ranks of the peerage (a duke, a marquess or an earl) has more than one title, his eldest son – himself not a peer – may use one of his father's lesser titles "by courtesy".
(The current Duke of Beaufort is Henry Somerset, the 12th Duke of Beaufort.) "Until we filmed The Gentlemen I’d never met a Duke or had any entry into that kind of world," James said in an ...
A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron or lord of parliament). The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess suo jure ; her spouse, however, does not receive any title.