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The 16 Word Guideline, or the 16-letter Principle (Chinese: 十六字方针; Vietnamese: Phương châm 16 chữ) is a set of diplomatic principles acknowledged between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1999 as the two countries sought to improve their strained relations after the Cambodian-Vietnamese War and the subsequent Sino-Vietnamese War.
In the Cham–Vietnamese War (1471), Champa suffered serious defeats at the hands of the Vietnamese, in which 120,000 people were either captured or killed. 50 members of the Cham royal family and some 20–30,000 were taken prisoners and deported, including the king of Champa Tra Toan, who died along his way to the north in captivity.
The mutual struggle against the Mongol Yuan dynasty in the 13th century brought Đại Việt and Champa, formerly hostile states, close together.In 1306, Đại Việt retired emperor Trần Nhân Tông (r. 1278–1293) married off his daughter, Princess Huyen Tran (Queen Paramecvari), to king Chế Mân [note 1] (r. 1288–1307) of Champa as a confirmation of their alliance.
Cam Ranh, known in the ancient Ede language as Kăm Mran, [1] [2] is a land closely associated with the development of the Champa culture. [3] Since ancient times, Cam Ranh has been an important military and economic location of the Champa kingdom. [4]
[2] In the mid-1960s, Nhất Hạnh co-founded the School of Youth for Social Services and created the Order of Interbeing. [3] He was exiled from South Vietnam in 1966 after expressing opposition to the war and refusing to take sides. [2] [5] [6] In 1967, Martin Luther King, Jr. nominated him for a Nobel Peace Prize.
Climate data for Chiêm Hóa Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 32.6 (90.7) 34.8 (94.6) 37.5 (99.5)
The Hoa had constituted the largest ethnic minority group in the mid 20th century and its population had previously peaked at 1.2 million, or about 2.6% of Vietnam's population in 1976 a year following the end of the Vietnam War. Just 3 years later, the Hoa population dropped to 935,000 as large swathes of Hoa left Vietnam.
Cham victory under Jaya Harivarman I at the battle of Battle of Mỹ Sơn. [19] 10 Cham–Vietnamese War (1252) Punitive expedition commanded by Trần Thái Tông intending to punish Champa for piracy. Vietnamese (Đại Việt) victory, Cham capital plundered. [20] [21] 11 Cham–Vietnamese War (1312) Punitive expedition commanded by Trần ...