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Total Kjeldahl nitrogen or TKN is the sum of nitrogen bound in organic substances, nitrogen in ammonia (NH 3-N) and in ammonium (NH 4 +-N) in the chemical analysis of soil, water, or waste water (e.g. sewage treatment plant effluent).
Availability of dissolved nitrogen may contribute to algal blooms. Ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen are often measured as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, and analysis for inorganic forms of nitrogen may be performed for more accurate estimates of total nitrogen content. [2]: 406–407
To ensure consistency and repeatability, the methods use in the chemical analysis of water samples are often agreed and published at a national or state level. By convention these are often referred to as "Blue book". [4] [5] Certain analyses are performed in-field (e.g. pH, specific conductance) while others involve sampling and laboratory ...
The method consists of combusting a sample of known mass to a temperature between 800 and 900 °C in the presence of oxygen. This leads to the release of carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. The gases are then passed over special columns (such as potassium hydroxide aqueous solution) that absorb the carbon dioxide and water.
Activated carbon has strong affinity for many gases and has an adsorption cross section of 0.162 nm 2 for nitrogen adsorption at liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). BET theory can be applied to estimate the specific surface area of activated carbon from experimental data, demonstrating a large specific surface area, even around 3000 m 2 /g. [ 13 ]
Modern simultaneous CHNS combustion analyzer. Elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition.