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Jampilen Petrochemical co., Asaluyeh, Iran. The petrochemical industry is concerned with the production and trade of petrochemicals. [according to whom?] A major part is constituted by the plastics (polymer) industry. [according to whom?] It directly interfaces with the petroleum industry, especially the downstream sector. [according to whom?]
The largest petrochemical industries are located in the United States and Western Europe; however, major growth in new production capacity is in the Middle East and Asia. There is substantial inter-regional petrochemical trade. Primary petrochemicals are divided into three groups depending on their chemical structure:
In the United States, Herbert Henry Dow's use of electrochemistry to produce chemicals from brine was a commercial success that helped to promote the country's chemical industry. [8] The petrochemical industry can be traced back to the oil works of Scottish chemist James Young, and Canadian Abraham Pineo Gesner.
The oil and gas industry spends only 0.4% of its net sales on research & development (R&D) which is in comparison with a range of other industries the lowest share. [36] Governments such as the United States government provide a heavy public subsidy to petroleum companies , with major tax breaks at various stages of oil exploration and ...
Oil field in California, 1938. The modern history of petroleum began in the nineteenth century with the refining of paraffin from crude oil. The Scottish chemist James Young in 1847 noticed a natural petroleum seepage in the Riddings colliery at Alfreton, Derbyshire from which he distilled a light thin oil suitable for use as lamp oil, at the same time obtaining a thicker oil suitable for ...
In addition to refined products such as gasoline and diesel fuel, the refineries and upgraders also produce off-gases, which are used as feedstock by nearby petrochemical plants. [16] The Suncor Energy (Petro Canada) refinery near Edmonton has a capacity of 142,000 barrels per day (22,600 m 3 /d) of crude oil.
In the 1970s, AGTL expanded into the chemicals industry. [4] The company was privatized in 1961 and was renamed NOVA, An Alberta Corporation in 1980, [5] [6] and again, to Nova Corporation of Alberta in 1986. [7] By 1989 was considered a "petrochemical and pipeline giant." [8] NOVA Corporation of Alberta was renamed Nova Corporation in 1994. [9]
In the petrochemical industry pressure is controlled by maintaining a constant pressure in the upper gas space of a vessel. [1] [9] [4] A pressure controller (PIC) adjusts the setting on a pressure control valve (PCV) that feeds gas forward to the next stage of the process. A rising pressure in the vessel results in the PCV opening to feed more ...