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Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [3] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating, cleaning, masking, pickling, and etching may be used. [1]
Commercial electroplating of nickel, brass, tin, and zinc were developed by the 1850s. Electroplating baths and equipment based on the patents of the Elkingtons were scaled up to accommodate the plating of numerous large-scale objects and for specific manufacturing and engineering applications.
Copper electroplating is the process of electroplating a layer of copper onto the surface of a metal object. Copper is used both as a standalone coating and as an undercoat onto which other metals are subsequently plated. [ 1 ]
By applying an electric current, the metal ions are reduced and form a metallic coating on the substrate. Electroplating can provide an excellent protective layer that enhances corrosion resistance and reduces the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Chemical conversion coatings are another effective method for surface protection.
Electrochemical machining (ECM) diagram. 1: Pump 2: Anode (workpiece) 3: Cathode (tool) 4: Electric current 5: Electrolyte 6: Electrons 7: Metal hydroxide. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process.
Electroless nickel plating also can produce coatings that are free of built-in mechanical stress, or even have compressive stress. [16] A disadvantage is the higher cost of the chemicals, which are consumed in proportion to the mass of nickel deposited; whereas in electroplating the nickel ions are replenished by the metallic nickel anode.
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Electroless deposition is advantageous in comparison to PVD, CVD, and electroplating deposition methods because it can be performed at ambient conditions. [2] [6] The plating method for Ni-P, Ni-Au, Ni-B, and Cu baths are distinct; however, the processes involve the same approach. The electroless deposition process is defined by four steps: [2 ...