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Christianity in Somalia is a minority religion within the country, which has a population over 99% Sunni Muslim, and Islam as the state religion. Estimates range on the number of Christians residing in the nation, with the US Department of State reporting there to be approximately 1,000 Christians in 2020, [ 1 ]
Somali Sufi religious orders (tariqa) – the Qadiriyya, the Ahmadiya and the Salihiyya – in the form of Muslim brotherhoods have played a major role in Somali Islam and the modern era history of Somalia. [23] [25] [26] Of the three orders, the less strict Qaadiriya tariqa is the oldest, and it is the sect to which most Somalis belonged. [27]
Christians in Somalia face persecution associated with the ongoing civil war in that country. [20] In September 2011 militants sworn to eradicate Christianity from Somalia beheaded two Christian converts. A third Christian convert was beheaded in Mogadishu in early 2012. [21]
Persecution of Christian minorities climaxed following the Syrian civil war and later by its spillover but has since intensified further. [4] [5] [6] Christians have been subjected to massacres, forced conversions, rape, sexual slavery, and the systematic destruction of their historical sites, churches and other places of worship.
In many regions, activity by Salafi groups further restricts religious freedom, as individuals are afraid of reprisal. [1] Islam has been a core part of Somali national identity for the entirety of its modern history. A 1961 constitution established Islam as the state religion, and later governments have maintained this policy. [1]
The persecution of Zoroastrians has occurred throughout their religion's history. The discrimination and harassment began in the form of sparse violence and forced conversions. According to Zoroastrian records, Muslims destroyed fire temples. Zoroastrians who lived under Muslim rule were required to pay a tax which was called the jizya. [319]
Situation in Somalia as of 25 March 2013 October 7, 2001 C.E. – ongoing War on Terrorism October 7, 2002 C.E. – ongoing Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
The Ethiopian–Somali conflict is a territorial and political dispute between Ethiopia, Somalia, and insurgents in the area.. Originating in the 1300s, the present conflict stems from the Ethiopian Empire's expansions into the Somali-inhabited Ogaden region during the late 19th century.